Category: News

  • The SCRIPT: Echoes of War Play Performed by Butere Girls

    The SCRIPT: Echoes of War Play Performed by Butere Girls

    Echoes of War Synopsis

    There exists a natural balance between RESPECT for the old and CARE for the young.  Those who are old bring experience while those who are young bring enthusiasm and creative innovation.  This is the relationship that weaves together our ever evolving society.

    This play is a hyperbole attempt to illustrate the widening gap between two generations;  the old and the young.  The artistic context is set in the Royal Velvet Emirates,  a fictitious kingdom in the Middle East.  In this Kingdom,  the old have quickly lost trust of the younger generation. The young are agitated by the inflexible strictness of the old.

    The balance is an inevitable compromise.

    Character Biography

    SULTAN

    A tall energetic man in his prime time. He oozes all qualities of power and affluence. His gesticulation and elaborate movements paint him as an authoritative man in full control.

    MAMA ANIFA

    A woman steeped into religion. She demonstrates qualities of an over – protective mother saddened by the pain of her daughter’s mistake.

    POLICE

    The father to Anifa Imana. An overzealous security officer. He finds himself subconsciously conflicted between traditional attributes of a child and the realities of a new generational daughter.

    MUSTAFA

    The embodiment of a new generational innovator. He finds himself on the wrong side of the law and has to fight the stain of a revolutionary.

    ANIFA IMANA

    The personification of Artificial Intelligence. She has all the attributes of quantum computing and synthesized storage. She represents the future; a collaboration between nature and software.

    IMAM

    A representative of the cultural background in which strict Islamic rules are followed and executed.

    TEMPO

    Moderately fast

    ILLUMINATION

    Bright then dim

    MooD

    Predominantly that of uncertainty

    Setting of Echoes of War by Cleophas Malala

    Royal Palace of Arabic architecture with Walls of Gold and Stone; The palace rises from the desert sands, its walls a symphony of honey-colored stone and shimmering gold leaf. Intricate geometric patterns and flowing calligraphy adorn the facades, whispering tales of ancient dynasties. Precious stones, lead into sprawling courtyards. Inside the palace, richly woven carpets, silk tapestries, and glittering chandeliers. Walls are covered in intricate mosaics and hand-painted frescoes, depicting scenes of royal processions, epic battles, and mythical creatures.
    MISE EN SCENE

    rostrums to, mark focal points. Acting space is determined by the scenic design available.

    EXEGESIS

    The police station stands as a symbol of both order and fragility in the midst of chaos. Its once-imposing facade is now scarred with bullet holes and graffiti, a testament to the violence that has engulfed the city. The windows, shattered and boarded up, offer glimpses of a ransacked interior, where desks lie overturned and files are scattered across the floor. A faint smell of dust and decay hangs in the air, mingling with the acrid scent of smoke.

    Inside the police station, the atmosphere is tense and oppressive. Armed officers, their faces etched with weariness and suspicion, patrol the corridors, their eyes scanning the crowd of people seeking help or justice. The station’s cells, once meant to hold criminals, now house refugees and displaced families, their desperation palpable. The station’s function has shifted in this war-torn landscape. It’s no longer just a place to report crimes, but a refuge for the vulnerable and a symbol of what little authority remains. The officers, stretched thin and under-resourced, struggle to maintain order amidst the chaos, their efforts a beacon of hope in a sea of despair. Inside a police station cell. There is evidence of tight security. The Police Officer in charge of the station is taking the suspect’s testimony. There are vocal chants outside the police cells.

    Download Complete Echoes of War Play PDF

  • Summary of “Echoes of War” (Butere Girls)

    Summary of “Echoes of War” (Butere Girls)

    “Echoes of War” is a thought-provoking theatrical play set in the fictional Royal Velvet Emirates, an opulent Middle Eastern kingdom. At its heart, the play explores the growing generational divide, amplified by technological advancement, sociopolitical unrest, and the struggle for identity and relevance in an evolving society.

    Also read Complete Script in PDF of the play Echoes of War.

    The Generational Rift

    The story opens by highlighting the natural balance that should exist between the wisdom of the old and the innovation of the young. However, in the Royal Velvet Emirates, this balance has been lost. The older generation, represented by figures like the Sultan, Mama Anifa, and the Police, is characterized by rigidity, suspicion, and nostalgia for control. In contrast, the youth, led by Mustafa, Anifa Imana, and their peers, are technologically adept, idealistic, and rebellious—demanding space for change, freedom, and identity.

    Mustafa and the Arrest

    Mustafa, a university student and innovative mind behind a telemedicine application, is wrongly arrested during a public demonstration. His father, a paramedic, is wounded by a stray bullet during the chaos, which the police try to justify as a consequence of “legitimate action.” Mustafa insists on his innocence, stating that he was only testing his medical app and assisting the injured. Nonetheless, his revolutionary ideas and actions put him at odds with the state’s narrative.

    Anifa Imana: AI as a Metaphor

    Anifa Imana, a central character, represents artificial intelligence itself—a blend of human curiosity and technological advancement. She is an enigma, both feared and admired. Anifa’s unexpected pregnancy, which causes outrage in her conservative family, becomes a metaphor. She declares she is “pregnant with expectations”—symbolizing the unfulfilled dreams, aspirations, and frustrations of her generation. This declaration marks a turning point in the play, where symbolism and metaphors critique societal norms and outdated traditions.

    The Clash of Love and Tradition

    The love story between Mustafa and Anifa is pivotal, symbolizing the union of tradition and technology. Anifa’s father, a rigid police officer, views Mustafa as a terrorist, exacerbating the generational conflict. Anifa’s declarations of love, combined with her rebellious stance, horrify her parents. She confronts them using high-tech devices like holographic womb projections, challenging their beliefs with both satire and emotional appeal.

    Mustafa’s Rise and Fall

    The tension shifts dramatically when Mustafa is summoned to the royal palace, where the Sultan recognizes him for his innovative project. Mustafa is declared the winner of a national innovation contest, awarded a palace, a substantial cash prize, and named Peace Ambassador. This recognition is short-lived. A sudden investigation into his social media history reveals content allegedly inciting unrest. The Sultan, feeling betrayed and pressured by his advisers, orders Mustafa’s execution to set an example.

    The Control Room and the Youth Rebellion

    Meanwhile, in a secret location known as the Control Room, Anifa and her generational friends coordinate a digital rebellion. Using propaganda and technological manipulation, they ignite public outrage across the nation—triggering strikes, protests, and the collapse of institutional control. Through hacking and information warfare, the youth expose the state’s vulnerability.

    The control room becomes the nerve center of the generational movement, where Anifa showcases her immense intelligence by manipulating live feeds, generating fake pay slips to demoralize the police, and strategically fueling dissent. This reveals the younger generation’s grasp on digital tools and their ability to reshape narratives.

    Xavier’s Complication

    The subplot involving Xavier, Fatma’s online soulmate and later revealed as the Sultan’s son, adds complexity. Xavier’s presence in the control room risks exposing the rebellion. Despite suspicions that he may be a spy, he proves loyal. However, his connection to the royal family creates tension and vulnerability within the youth group.

    War Breaks Loose

    The authorities, led by the Sultan and the military, respond with brute force. The police station and ambulance are destroyed in violent clashes between the state and youth. Symbolically, institutions of care and justice—the police station and ambulance—are engulfed in flames, reflecting the systemic breakdown triggered by generational misunderstanding.

    Xavier’s Injury and Telemedicine’s Redemption

    Xavier is severely injured during the chaos. In a powerful moment, Mustafa and Anifa use the telemedicine application—once dismissed—to save his life. Drawing on virtual guidance from international doctors, including a Chinese surgeon and Indian first aid manuals, the youth demonstrate the app’s lifesaving potential. This act redeems Mustafa and underscores the power of youth-led innovation.

    Reconciliation and Resolution

    Witnessing this, the Sultan has a change of heart. He realizes that the rebellion was driven not by malice but by desperation and unacknowledged brilliance. The Sultan commends the youth for their ingenuity but criticizes their violent methods. Mustafa and Anifa express remorse, acknowledging that while their intentions were noble, their methods endangered lives.

    In a powerful gesture of reconciliation, the Sultan announces the nationwide implementation of Mustafa’s telemedicine project. Anifa is appointed to work with the government on cybersecurity reforms. He declares the war over and calls for the rebuilding of the nation—this time with the youth integrated into the decision-making process.

    Themes

    1. Generational Conflict: At the core is the tension between the old and young, tradition vs. progress, and control vs. freedom.
    2. Technology and Rebellion: Technology becomes both a weapon and a solution—used for both resistance and healing.
    3. Love and Identity: The love between Anifa and Mustafa challenges societal norms and questions what truly defines belonging.
    4. Power and Governance: The play critiques autocratic leadership and glorifies participatory governance that includes the youth.
    5. Symbolism: Pregnancy as metaphor, the control room as a symbol of digital power, and destroyed institutions as signs of societal decay.

    Stylistic Features

    The play blends satire, drama, and futuristic elements. The use of holograms, technological jargon, and generational slang creates a vivid contrast between tradition and innovation. The characters often break the fourth wall, addressing the audience directly, enhancing engagement. The staging incorporates intense sound effects, military drills, digital projections, and symbolic lighting to portray emotional and political transitions.

    Conclusion

    “Echoes of War” is a layered narrative about revolution, reconciliation, and reform. It portrays a society on the brink of collapse, saved not by violence, but by understanding, inclusion, and innovation. The youth are not villains; they are visionaries. The play concludes with a powerful message: “Never again shall we dance to the echoes of war”—a call to prioritize unity over conflict, progress over prejudice, and dialogue over dictatorship.

  • Kibanja Drops a Bombshell: Socialite Confirms Breakup Just Months After Lavish Wedding

    Kibanja Drops a Bombshell: Socialite Confirms Breakup Just Months After Lavish Wedding

    East African social media is buzzing after socialite and entrepreneur Kibanja confirmed she’s officially single, just four months after her jaw-dropping, fairytale wedding that had everyone talking.

    The revelation came via Instagram Stories, where Kibanja posted a cheeky video with the caption:

    “When I’m feeling lonely because I’m single but then I remember… I’M SINGLE.”

    And just like that, the internet went into full detective mode.

    Fans were quick to interpret the post as confirmation of a breakup, and shortly after, Kibanja gave more clarity: she ended the marriage due to infidelity. In a series of emotional Instagram Stories, she accused her now-ex of cheating—a claim that sent shockwaves through her fanbase and beyond.

    The split has left many stunned, especially considering the glam and glitz of their recent wedding. Remember that over-the-top celebration? Luxe décor, celeb guests, and PDA that screamed “forever”? Yeah, that’s the one.

    While Kibanja hasn’t gone into full detail, her social media hints at a journey of healing, strength, and self-love. Her followers have flooded her comment section with messages of support, praising her courage for walking away and putting herself first.

    Others, still in disbelief, are grappling with how fast it all unraveled, especially since their wedding came just two months after the couple got engaged.

    Kibanja admitted even she’s shocked at how things turned out, telling fans the news “might sound crazy” even to her.

    With speculation swirling and fans hungry for the full story, one thing’s clear: Kibanja’s not holding back—and this breakup saga is far from over.

  • 10 Stunning Photos of Kibanja (New 2025)

    10 Stunning Photos of Kibanja (New 2025)

    In the list of Top 10 most beautiful women in Kenya, it will be a ‘crime’ not to include Kibanja’s name. But, for those who dont know, Who is Kibanja?

    Summary

    • Name: Agnes Chebet Kiplenge (aka Kibanja)
    • Nationality: Kenyan
    • Roles: Influencer, model, entrepreneur (Banjizzle Cosmetics, Sweet Scentske)
    • Social Media: Instagram influencer with ~270k followers
    • Recent News: Announced separation from her husband four months after her lavish wedding in early 2025

    Agnes Chebet Kiplenge, popularly known as Kibanja is a well-known Kenyan socialite, Instagram influencer, entrepreneur, and model. She gained fame for her fashion, travel, and lifestyle content and has attracted a large following on social media—Instagram alone has over 250,000 followers on her handle @kibanja_

    Kibanja posing for gram

    Kibanja’s Career & Online Presence

    Starting around 2017, Kibanja rose to prominence as part of Kenya’s emerging Gen Z influencer wave. She’s recognized for her bold fashion statements, engaging Instagram Reels, and writing—having launched a blog focused on self-worth and battling societal judgment

    Kibanja photoshoot

    Business Ventures by Kibanja

    Beyond modeling, she’s the Founder & CEO of Banjizzle Cosmetics, an organic skincare brand, and also runs Sweet Scentske, a candle line

    Kibanja’s Relationships

    She’s been involved in high-profile relationships, notably with businessman Roja Dhat, which included public rumors of cheating and a rumored engagement in late 2024. In April 2025, she made headlines again after announcing her divorce just four months post-wedding

    Did you know that Kibanja is a Kale babe?

    Fashion & Travel

    As evident from the 10 beautiful pictures of Kibanja, we can all agree that she is known for showcasing glamorous travel destinations like Paris, Dubai, and Greece along with luxury fashion and lifestyle accessories.

  • Echoes of War: How Much Could Cleophas Malala Have Earned from Butere Girls’ Controversial Play?

    Echoes of War: How Much Could Cleophas Malala Have Earned from Butere Girls’ Controversial Play?

    The recent controversy surrounding Echoes of War, a school play performed by Butere Girls’, has sparked nationwide debate—not only for its political themes but also for the money behind school drama productions.

    The play, penned by former Kakamega Senator Cleophas Malala, was set to be performed during the Kenya Schools Drama Festival in April 2025. Its powerful themes and national spotlight have raised questions about how much scriptwriters can earn from such performances.

    In an exclusive interview with TUKO.co.ke, seasoned playwright and comedian Kevin Aswani offered insight into the business side of scriptwriting, particularly in the school drama scene.

    How Much is Paid per School Script?

    Malala is not new to the stage—he’s reportedly written over 80 scripts. According to Aswani, the earnings from a single school play script can vary.

    “For school plays, depending on the magnitude of the project, a single script can go for a maximum of KSh 100,000, and a minimum of KSh 60,000. This depends on the project, the client, and sometimes the bargaining power,” said Aswani.

    Considering Echoes of War was a full-length, high-profile play aimed at nationals and laden with heavy thematic content, Aswani estimates its value would lean toward the higher end of the pay scale.

    How Much Could Malala Have Earned?

    cleophas malala speaking in public

    If each of Malala’s 85 scripts was sold at the minimum price of KSh 60,000, he could have earned approximately KSh 5.1 million. On the upper end, at KSh 100,000 per script, that figure rises to KSh 8.5 million.

    But that’s not the whole picture.

    Aswani explained that scriptwriting revenue doesn’t stop with selling the script. “There is some money attached to the training sessions after the script is sold. There is the first stage, then county level, and then nationals, guaranteeing additional income that comes from coaching the students through those stages,” he said.

    If a writer also acts as a trainer, they might earn an additional KSh 10,000 per stage—local, county, and national—adding KSh 30,000 per project. Multiplied across 85 scripts, that’s an extra KSh 2.55 million in potential earnings.

    What Skills Are Needed for Scriptwriting?

    While the numbers may sound promising, Aswani emphasized that playwriting is not a quick-cash career. It demands consistency and deep awareness of societal trends.

    “It is a career that needs consistency. You cannot just write one script and disappear for two years. The craft evolves fast, and you need to be on top of the societal issues that drive the themes,” he explained.

    “You need to understand the changing lifestyles and cultures of people. The society’s culture keeps shifting, so your script must reflect those dynamics.”

    The Broader Debate

    The Butere Girls’ performance of Echoes of War has fueled conversations not just about income in the creative industry, but also about the rules governing school performances. Education CS Julius Ogamba criticized Malala’s involvement, citing festival guidelines that limit scriptwriting roles to teachers.

    Ogamba argued that Malala, as a non-teacher, altered the play in ways that raised ethical and regulatory concerns. But Aswani countered, “Any professional playwright—and especially some with the calibre of Malala in the sector—can write and direct school plays.”

    As schools continue to serve as platforms for both civic education and creative expression, the story of Echoes of War is a reminder of the power and value behind every performance—both in influence and in income.

  • How To Reverse Money Sent to Wrong Till and Paybill Numbers in 2025

    How To Reverse Money Sent to Wrong Till and Paybill Numbers in 2025

    Mistakenly sending money to the wrong till or paybill number on M-Pesa is more common than you think. And when it happens, it can be frustrating—especially if the amount is significant. The good news? Safaricom has made it easier to reverse such transactions in just a few steps.

    What To Do If You Send Money to the Wrong Till or Paybill

    According to Safaricom, you can request a reversal immediately after the transaction using either of these two options:

    Option 1: Dial *456#

    1. Go to your phone dialer and enter *456#.
    2. Select the “Reversal Request” option.
    3. Follow the prompts and submit your request.

    Option 2: Use the M-Pesa App

    1. Open the M-Pesa app on your smartphone.
    2. Navigate to the “Help” or “Reversal” section.
    3. Enter transaction details and send a request.

    Safaricom advises users to act as quickly as possible after realizing a mistake. Reversals can take up to 72 hours (3 working days) to be processed.

    Tip: Always double-check the till or paybill number before confirming any M-Pesa transaction.

    What’s the Difference Between Till and Paybill?

    • Till Number (Buy Goods): Mostly used by shops, supermarkets, salons, or restaurants. It allows them to collect money and access it directly for business operations.
    • Paybill Number: Used for services like school fees, utilities, and subscriptions. Here, customers usually enter an account number to identify the purpose of payment.

    If you’ve sent money to a Buy Goods till, Safaricom can assist directly.

    However, if it was a Paybill number, you may need to contact the organization that received the money. Safaricom can still help initiate the process, but the receiving company must authorize the refund.

    Common Mistakes That Lead to Wrong Transactions

    • Typing an extra digit or missing one.
    • Rushing and choosing the wrong saved paybill.
    • Confusing similar-sounding businesses with different till numbers.

    Safaricom has the Hakikisha feature to help confirm recipient names, but mistakes can still happen—especially if the name displayed is unclear.

    Q&A: Quick Answers for M-Pesa Reversals

    Q: How long does a reversal take?
    A: Up to 72 working hours after submitting the request.

    Q: Can I reverse a transaction made to a personal number instead of a till or paybill?
    A: Yes, the process is the same—dial *456# or use the app.

    Q: What if the business refuses to return the money?
    A: Safaricom will try to help, but for paybills, the final decision may lie with the company involved.

    Q: Is there a charge for requesting a reversal?
    A: No, requesting a reversal is free.

    Q: Can I reverse a payment after 24 hours?
    A: It’s best to act immediately. While you can still request after some time, the chances of success reduce the longer you wait.

    In short, don’t panic if you send money to the wrong place—just act fast. Safaricom’s systems are set up to help, but being careful before hitting “Send” is still your best bet.

  • 10 Kenyan Politicians Who Proudly Live the Polygamous Life

    10 Kenyan Politicians Who Proudly Live the Polygamous Life

    Did you know that a lot of politicians are polygamous in Kenya. Let alone Kenya, nearly 30% of politicians in Africa have more than one wife.

    Also, did you know that Esther Passari is a second wife, year, she is in a polygamous marriage, and owns it unapologetically!

    For a long time, many women in Kenya shied away from polygamous marriages, mostly out of fear of judgment. Being a second or third wife came with whispers, side-eyes, and societal stigma. But times have changed. Ever since former president Uhuru Kenyatta signed the 2014 law allowing men to marry multiple wives, the game shifted. Now, more people are embracing polygamy openly and some politicians are leading the charge, quite literally with their wives by their sides.

    Let’s take a look at a few prominent names in Kenyan politics who proudly live the polygamous life.

    1. Esther Passaris

    Esther Passaris

    Yes, you read that right. Nairobi Woman Representative Esther Muthoni Passaris is in a polygamous marriage. She’s married to Pius Mbugua Ngugi, the wealthy businessman behind Thika Coffee Mills a man who clearly has room in his heart (and life) for more than one partner.

    More Reads from Ctone Media Blog

    2. Boni Khalwale

    The “bullfighter” of Kakamega, Senator Boni Khalwale, never shies away from talking about his family or his wives, Josephine and Adelide. The doctor-turned-politician embraces his polygamous status with pride, often mentioning them in public.

    3. Danson Mungatana

    Former Ganze MP Danson Mungatana is another politician with a complex love life. Known for his relationships with former Miss Kenya Cecilia Mwangi and ex-TV anchor Mwanaisha Chidzuga, Mungatana is said to have yet another wife beyond the two public figures. He has children with both Cecilia and Mwanaisha, keeping him firmly in the polygamy lane.

    4. Oscar Sudi

    Kapseret MP Oscar Sudi is also part of the club. The vocal legislator is married to two women: Lilian and Ann. And he’s not the type to keep it lowkey both wives are acknowledged in his life, and he moves with confidence.

    5. Cate Waruguru

    Former Laikipia Woman Rep Cate Waruguru made headlines in 2019 when she proudly declared herself a second wife to lawyer William Kigen. She didn’t bat an eyelid about her choice, famously saying that being a second wife is better than being a single baby mama. Her stance stirred debate and admiration in equal measure.

    6. Francis Atwoli

    COTU boss Francis Atwoli is no stranger to the spotlight or to polygamy. The outspoken trade unionist is married to three women: Jenifer Khainza, Roselinder Simiyu, and TV journalist Mary Kilobi. Atwoli often gushes about his wives, especially the youngest, Mary, who is frequently seen by his side at public events.

    7. Ayub Savula

    The Lugari MP has taken polygamy to architectural levels; literally. He built identical mansions for his two wives back in his rural home. A former journalist, Savula doesn’t mind sharing the spotlight with both women, whom he treats equally, at least in terms of real estate.

    8. Moses Wetang’ula

    Bungoma Senator Moses Wetang’ula’s polygamous status was made public in 2013 when one of his wives sued him for child neglect. According to her, their relationship started as cohabitation but was later formalized through a Bukusu customary marriage in 2011. The legal battle may have been messy, but it also confirmed his multiple unions.

    9. Dalmas Otieno

    Former Cabinet Minister Dalmas Otieno added a third wife to his family in 2013 during a traditional ceremony in Homa Bay. It was a colorful celebration that raised eyebrows and confirmed his polygamous lifestyle. For Dalmas, three’s not a crowd, it’s a commitment.

    10. Joy Gwendo

    Former Kisumu Senator Joy Gwendo’s case was slightly different and definitely controversial. She was involved with Thomas Mbewa, a married man. The relationship sparked rumors and backlash until Mbewa publicly defended her, saying his first wife was fully aware of the situation. Whether you call it modern polygamy or complicated love, Joy’s story made waves.

    Final Thoughts

    Polygamy in Kenyan politics is no longer whispered about in corners. Love, after all, doesn’t always follow a traditional script. Whether it’s about culture, choice, or circumstance, these politicians have embraced their lifestyles openly, and in some cases, quite lavishly. Society may still debate the ethics, but these public figures aren’t hiding their truth.

  • William Ruto’s Cabinet in 2025 (June Update)

    William Ruto’s Cabinet in 2025 (June Update)

    Overview

    William Ruto’s Cabinet in 2025 refers to the executive team appointed by President William Samoei Ruto to lead Kenya’s national government ministries and departments. The Cabinet is constituted under Article 152 of the Constitution of Kenya, which stipulates that the Cabinet comprises the President, Deputy President, Attorney General, and between 14 and 22 Cabinet Secretaries. Cabinet Secretaries are nominated by the President and must be vetted and approved by Parliament before formally assuming office.

    The 2025 Cabinet followed significant restructuring in response to public protests and political changes, including the dismissal of the previous Cabinet in July 2024 and several rounds of appointments through early 2025.

    Current Cabinet Secretaries (as of June 2025)

    NamePosition
    Dr. William Samoei RutoPresident
    Prof. Kithure KindikiDeputy President
    Ms. Dorcas Agik OduorAttorney General
    Dr. Musalia MudavadiPrime Cabinet Secretary; Foreign & Diaspora Affairs
    Onesmus Kipchumba MurkomenInterior and National Administration
    Davis ChirchirRoads and Transport
    Hassan Ali JohoMining, Blue Economy and Maritime Affairs
    Aden DualeHealth
    Alice WahomeLands, Public Works, Housing and Urban Development
    Dr. Alfred MutuaLabour and Social Protection
    Julius Migos OgambaEducation
    Rebecca MianoTourism and Wildlife
    Salim MvuryaYouth Affairs, Creative Economy and Sports
    Roselinda Soipan TuyaDefence
    Wycliffe Ambetsa OparanyaCooperatives and MSME Development
    John MbadiNational Treasury and Economic Planning
    Eric Muriithi MuugaWater, Sanitation and Irrigation
    Dr. Deborah Mulongo BarasaEnvironment, Climate Change and Forestry
    Lee Maiyani KinyanjuiInvestments, Trade and Industry
    Mutahi KagweAgriculture and Livestock Development
    James Opiyo WandayiEnergy and Petroleum
    William Kabogo GitauInformation, Communication and the Digital Economy
    Geoffrey Kiringa RukuPublic Service and Human Capital Development
    Beatrice Asukul MoeEast Africa Community and Regional Affairs
    Mercy Kiiru WanjauSecretary to the Cabinet

    Key Timeline of Nominations and Confirmations

    • 11 July 2024: President Ruto dismisses entire Cabinet except for Musalia Mudavadi amid Kenya Finance Bill protests.
    • 20 July 2024: Ruto announces nominations of a new Cabinet including six returning members.
    • 1 November 2024: Kithure Kindiki sworn in as Deputy President following impeachment of Rigathi Gachagua.
    • 17 January 2025: Mutahi Kagwe, Lee Kinyanjui, and William Kabogo appointed to key ministries.
    • 26 March 2025: Justin Muturi dismissed; Geoffrey Ruku nominated to Public Service post.

    Comparison to Prior Administrations

    A chart comparing the composition of Ruto’s 2025 Cabinet to the 2022 Cabinet and Uhuru Kenyatta’s 2017 Cabinet would illustrate:

    • Increased regional diversity: Higher representation from coastal and western regions.
    • Gender balance: The proportion of female Cabinet Secretaries in 2025 stands at approximately 30%, compared to about 20% in the 2022 Cabinet.
    • Turnover rate: Over 80% of Ruto’s 2022 Cabinet was replaced during the 2024-2025 reshuffle, a significantly higher turnover than in previous transitions.

    Cabinet Confirmation Process

    The appointment of Cabinet Secretaries in Kenya follows this constitutional procedure:

    1. Nomination: The President nominates individuals for Cabinet positions.
    2. Vetting by Parliament: The National Assembly, through its Committee on Appointments, conducts background checks and interviews.
    3. Parliamentary Approval: The National Assembly votes on whether to approve each nominee.
    4. Swearing-in: Approved Cabinet Secretaries are formally sworn in before assuming their duties.
    5. Recess Appointments: The Constitution does not provide for unilateral recess appointments; all Cabinet Secretaries must be approved by Parliament.
  • Top 10 Best Betting Sites in Kenya (2025 Ranking)

    Top 10 Best Betting Sites in Kenya (2025 Ranking)

    There are so many betting platforms in Kenya, thats why there is an increasing search for the best betting sites in Kenya.

    Let’s not sugarcoat it. Betting in Kenya has exploded. What used to be a small-time weekend thrill has turned into a full-blown, billion-shilling industry.

    In 2025, it’s not just about who’s betting, it’s about where, how, and what features you’re getting for your money.

    With mobile-first platforms, bold promos, and live betting during every Premier League game, punters today are spoiled for choice. But not every betting site is worth your airtime or your money. Some talk big and deliver little. Others stay quiet and let their numbers do the talking.

    This list? It’s built on facts. Real traffic. Real user experience. Welcome bonuses, sports market depth, and whether you can actually place a live bet without your screen freezing. That’s what matters.

    Here are the top 10 betting sites in Kenya in 2025—ranked by what they actually offer.

    1. 1xBet – Variety King With the Biggest Bonus

    Welcome Bonus: 100% up to KES 15,000

    Sports Markets: 1000+

    Live Betting: Yes

    1xBet betting site kenya image

    If you want options, 1xBet is the buffet of online betting. From the English Premier League to cricket in India and MMA in the US, this site offers more than 1,000 sports markets. That’s not hype. It’s wild.

    You can bet in shillings, deposit with M-Pesa, and even try your luck with cryptocurrency. Live streaming, quick cash-out, global odds, and sleek mobile design—it’s all there.

    Why it’s #1:

    • Massive market coverage
    • Top-tier bonus
    • Built for serious punters

    2. 1Win – The Bonus Beast

    Welcome Bonus: 500% up to KES 80,000

    Sports Markets: 800+

    Live Betting: Yes

    New to the scene but already making noise, 1Win’s insane 500% welcome bonus makes it one of the most attractive betting sites right now.

    Their platform is clean, fast, and modern, with coverage across hundreds of sports. Whether you’re watching Champions League or betting on volleyball, the experience is smooth.

    What bettors love:

    • Huge welcome bonus
    • Slick mobile-first site
    • Deep sports coverage

    3. Dafabet – East Africa’s Hidden Gem

    Welcome Bonus: 100% up to KES 10,000

    Sports Markets: 600+

    Live Betting: Yes

    Dafabet’s not flashy. But it’s solid. Built with real bettors in mind, this platform gives sharp odds, consistent payouts, and a desktop experience that’s actually worth using.

    They’re big in Asia and now rising fast in Africa. The bonus is decent, the layout feels professional, and live betting is fast and reliable.

    Best for:

    • Consistent odds
    • Multi-sport punters
    • Cross-continent reach

    4. WinPesa – Local and Loud

    Welcome Bonus: 200% up to KES 20,000

    Sports Markets: 500+

    Live Betting: Yes

    WinPesa is unapologetically Kenyan. Big promos, local matches, and fast M-Pesa withdrawals make it one to watch in 2025.

    The 200% bonus is one of the best on this list, and the site is built for speed—even on low-end phones. Whether you’re backing Gor Mahia or chasing that 90th-minute goal, it’s got you covered.

    What works:

    • Bold bonus
    • Local market focus
    • Strong mobile speed

    5. KessBet – The People’s Choice

    Welcome Bonus: 150% up to KES 12,000

    Sports Markets: 400+

    Live Betting: Yes

    KessBet doesn’t chase fame—it chases function. And it’s winning.

    Simple to use, fast to load, and designed for punters in rural and peri-urban areas, KessBet just works. The 150% bonus sweetens the deal, especially for first-time bettors.

    Why it stands out:

    • Community-first approach
    • Easy interface
    • Consistent user growth

    6. Betway – Global Class, Local Support

    Welcome Bonus: 100% up to KES 10,000

    Sports Markets: 700+

    Live Betting: Yes

    Betway has been in the game long enough to know what matters—reliable payouts, good odds, and top-notch customer service. It is one of the best betting sites in Kenya, in our list, it comes up at number 6.

    Their platform is clean, the app works flawlessly, and when it comes to live betting during big games, they rarely miss. If you’re into EPL, NBA, or even UFC, this is a go-to.

    Highlights:

    • Global brand trust
    • Strong mobile and desktop UX
    • Great for live bets

    7. SportPesa – The OG Returns

    Welcome Bonus: 100% up to KES 5,000

    Sports Markets: 300+

    Live Betting: Yes

    SportPesa was once the king—and while it took a hit in 2019, 2025 feels like a comeback year. Local sponsorships, big jackpots, and solid odds are drawing in old and new bettors alike. Sill, SportPesa stands out as one of the best betting sites in Kenya.

    If you miss the glory days of SportPesa, now’s a good time to check back in.

    Still relevant because:

    • Trusted name
    • Focus on Kenyan football
    • Decent bonus for re-starters

    8. Betin – Quiet But Reliable

    Welcome Bonus: 100% up to KES 5,000

    Sports Markets: 250+

    Live Betting: Yes

    Betin isn’t loud, but it does the job. Think of it like that shop in your estate that’s always open—even when others are down. That’s Betin.

    Simple design, strong customer support, and a smooth betting flow. It’s a solid pick for punters who want less noise and more action.

    Good for:

    • Casual bettors
    • Simple experience
    • No distractions

    9. Odibets – Still Holding It Down

    Welcome Bonus: 150% up to KES 7,500

    Sports Markets: 200+

    Live Betting: Yes

    Odibets still owns the low-data space. With lightning-fast loading on 3G and easy USSD options, it’s ideal for punters betting from feature phones or limited bandwidth areas.

    Their free bet offers and local partnerships have kept them in the game, even as competition stiffens.

    Where it wins:

    • USSD and SMS betting
    • Localized promos
    • Low-bandwidth users

    10. Mozzart Bet – Odds That Speak Loudest

    Welcome Bonus: 100% up to KES 10,000

    Sports Markets: 350+

    Live Betting: Yes

    If you care more about odds than flashy apps, Mozzart Bet is your guy. Known for pushing some of the highest odds on major leagues, it’s built for punters who want better returns.

    Live betting is smooth, and their growth over the past year proves they’re here to stay.

    Best for:

    • Odds hunters
    • Football die-hards
    • Simple, functional layout

    How We Ranked These Sites

    No fluff. Just data and experience:

    • Welcome Bonuses – How generous are they, and do they work?
    • Sports Coverage – Can you bet on what you care about?
    • Live Betting – Is it fast, smooth, and responsive?
    • User Experience – Mobile-first, clean UI, local languages
    • Market Focus – Are they really built for Kenyan punters?

    Quick Comparison Table

    RankBetting SiteBonusSports MarketsLive Betting
    11xBet100% up to KES 15,0001000+Yes
    21Win500% up to KES 80,000800+Yes
    3Dafabet100% up to KES 10,000600+Yes
    4WinPesa200% up to KES 20,000500+Yes
    5KessBet150% up to KES 12,000400+Yes
    6Betway100% up to KES 10,000700+Yes
    7SportPesa100% up to KES 5,000300+Yes
    8Betin100% up to KES 5,000250+Yes
    9Odibets150% up to KES 7,500200+Yes
    10Mozzart Bet100% up to KES 10,000350+Yes

    Final Word: Which One’s for You?

    • Want huge bonuses? 1Win and WinPesa are unbeatable.
    • Crave variety? 1xBet and Dafabet have you covered.
    • Need a no-data experience? Odibets and KessBet shine.
    • Chasing big odds? Mozzart Bet leads there.
    • Betting on trust? Betway and SportPesa are your safe bets.

    Just one last thing—always check for BCLB licensing, understand your taxes (yes, Kenya still takes 20% off both your bet and your win), and never bet more than you’re ready to lose.

    This is a game, not a retirement plan.

    So, which one are you using in 2025? Let’s hear your pick below.

  • Top 10 Best Investment Opportunities for the Youth in Kenya

    Investing in your future is one of the most important decisions you can make, and as a young person in Kenya, you have a wide range of opportunities to grow your wealth. Here are the top 10 best investment opportunities for the youth in Kenya.

    1. Stocks and equities: Investing in stocks and equities can be a great way to grow your wealth over time. Look for reputable and established companies to invest in and consider seeking advice from a financial advisor.

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    2. Real Estate: Kenya’s real estate market is growing, and investing in property can be a great way to generate passive income. Consider investing in rental properties or even buying land for future development.

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    1. Mutual funds: A mutual fund is a professionally managed investment that pools money from many investors to purchase securities. They offer a convenient and affordable way to invest in a diverse range of assets.
    2. Savings and fixed deposit accounts: For those who prefer low-risk investments, saving and fixed deposit accounts can be a good option. They offer a guaranteed return on investment and are insured by the government.
    3. Agricultural investments: Agriculture is one of the biggest industries in Kenya, and investing in agricultural ventures such as farming or agribusiness can be a lucrative opportunity.
    4. Cryptocurrencies: Cryptocurrency is a digital asset designed to work as a medium of exchange. Bitcoin and Ethereum are two popular cryptocurrencies in Kenya, but it’s important to do your research and understand the risks before investing.
    5. Microfinance: Microfinance is a form of finance aimed at providing small loans to underserved communities. Investing in microfinance organizations can help to support economic development and offer a return on investment.
    6. Start-ups: Investing in start-ups can be a great way to support the growth of local businesses and potentially earn a return on investment. Look for start-ups in industries with strong growth potential.
    7. Government bonds: Government bonds are a low-risk investment that offer a guaranteed return. Consider investing in government bonds to provide a stable source of income.
    8. Index funds: An index fund is a type of mutual fund that tracks a specific stock market index, such as the NSE 20 Share Index. Investing in index funds can provide exposure to a wide range of stocks, with lower fees compared to actively managed funds.

    In conclusion, there are many investment opportunities for young people in Kenya. It’s important to understand your financial goals and risk tolerance before making an investment. Consider seeking advice from a financial advisor and diversifying your investments to minimize risk.

  • Top 13 Photographers in Kenya: A Deep Dive into 2025’s Visual Storytellers

    Top 13 Photographers in Kenya: A Deep Dive into 2025’s Visual Storytellers

    Kenya’s photography scene pulses with energy. From presidential portraits to Afrofuturist art, wedding alchemy, fashion narratives, wildlife poetry, and hard-hitting documentary images—this list reflects a country telling its story through light and composition. I’ve ranked these 13 based on influence, awards, global presence, cultural impact, and creativity. Let’s begin.

    1. Emmanuel Jambo

    South Sudanese by birth but Kenyan by acclaim; his lens has shaped East Africa’s elite image. Known as the official photographer for Presidents Uhuru Kenyatta and William Ruto, Jambo was named one of Africa’s most influential photographers by Forbes in 2012. He moves easily between wedding shoots, state portraits, and fine art—his range both broad and nuanced. He mentors upcoming talent, firmly planting roots in Nairobi’s creative soil. Long sentences here. Short impact: he captures humanity with gravitas.

    2. Osborne Macharia

    Architect-turned-creative genius. Macharia builds entire worlds—Afrofuturist realms infused into fashion campaigns, editorial spreads, and even Black Panther-inspired shoots. He’s self-taught, rigorously experimental, yet precise. Brands like Vogue, BBC, Coca‑Cola have tapped his vision. His “Ilgelunot” series flips the script on colonial narratives, lighting Kenya’s cultural pride in bold frames.

    3. Mutua Matheka

    Nicknamed “Truth Slinger,” Matheka brings Kenya’s skylines and nature to life. A trained architect who pivoted to photography, he’s won multiple awards—from Royal Media Services to Bake Awards—and lands billboards as a landscape artist. His work appears in BBC features and foundation projects. Urban grit and pastoral calm meet in his lens.

    4. Thandiwe Muriu

    At 14 she picked up the camera; now she shapes visual culture. Muriu’s Camo series—merging East African textiles with patterns of empowerment—earned a feature in Vogue. Bold, culturally rich, and visually electric, her portraits celebrate identity through color, light, and heritage. Her exhibitions have reached Venice Biennale and the Musée de l’Homme.

    5. Lyra Aoko

    Commercial and lifestyle photography, but make it soulful. Aoko’s work shines for its emotional depth. She’s often featured by RECA and other Kenyan photography platforms. Her portraits feel alive—an invitation into smaller stories with larger beauty. She’s risen fast.

    6. Tatiana Karanja

    Fashion, coastlines, personality—Tatiana blends them effortlessly. A Bake Awards winner for best photography, her portfolio is both travel diary and style moment. Soft hues, natural light, warm textures—it’s lifestyle with character.

    7. Antony Trivet

    Wedding photographer but not as you know it. Think fashion edge meets editorial tone. He’s been a Sony World Photography Award Kenya winner and a judge at the Africa Slum Photo Festival. His work is intimate but high-impact.

    8. Ben Kiruthi

    He went from shooting his own wedding to earning half a million Kenyan shillings monthly. His imagery doesn’t just document weddings—it tells them. Emotional beats, candid smiles, real moments. It’s visual storytelling, plain and simple.

    9. Gathoni Howard

    Not a household name—yet. But chosen by industry insiders as a rising talent in fashion and lifestyle photography, she brings a fresh eye and curiosity. Expect to see more of her work.

    10. Kevin Buo

    Bold studio shoots, lifestyle portraits—Kevin works with energy. He’s Halting the cliches with semi-nude frames, high-contrast studio lights, celebrity collaborations. His self-taught style feels raw, real, unfiltered.

    11. Clinton Wanjala

    Clint has been in the Kenya’s photography scene since 2017 just after completing his degree in Communication and Media. His style can be described as fresh, contemporary edge to lifestyle and editorial photography. His work often blends urban grit with soft, cinematic tones, creating images that feel both modern and timeless. Wanjala has collaborated with emerging Kenyan fashion brands, documenting the rise of street style culture in Nairobi while also experimenting with conceptual shoots that challenge traditional African visual narratives.

    Additionally, Clinton Wanjala is also one of the best content writers in Kenya particularly in Finance, Lifestyle and Entertainment.

    12. Trevor Maingi

    Emerging voice in documentary portraiture. His work is harder to find, but his inclusion here is about potential and promise. Look out for his humanity-focused series and editorial submissions.

    13. Barbara Minishi

    Fashion, art direction, mythic journeys—Minishi’s lens merges storytelling and symbolism. She’s done work featured at the National Museums of Kenya and directed film sets. Her photography explores identity, nature, arcana and more

  • The cost and process of starting a Forex Brokerage Company

    Wondering how to start a Forex brokerage? This is a very exciting business opportunity. But before opening a Forex company, there are a lot of important decisions from where to register a forex broker to how you will attract new customers (for example, by offering them high quality copy trading service). There are two major ways to start a forex trading business: open a company from scratch or use a white label solution.

    How to open a forex company from scratch

    Opening a forex brokerage from scratch requires solid start up capital and a lot more time and effort. You will need to incorporate this business and comply with all the legal requirements, negotiate with banks, build attractive website, etc. The benefit of choosing this road is that the entrepreneur keeps 100% of profit and has full control over your business. We have outlined 8 important steps to follow in order to open a forex company.

    1. Research the target market

    It is a good idea to define your target region (or target regions) first. Knowing where the customers will be coming from will help you select best jurisdiction to register a brokerage. In this business, licensing requirements vary greatly from one country to another, and it is often easier to start own forex brokerage in a place different from your origin. For example, a lot of companies that serve worldwide traders are based in Cyprus for tax and legal purposes. Compare legal requirements of several jurisdictions before making a decision.

    2. Create forex brokerage business plan

    Although a detailed business plan may seem not necessary, creating and promoting a new financial company is a long journey, and having a forex brokerage business plan helps streamline this process. A good business plan consists of description of target markets and buyer personas, start up capital, projected profits and expenses, marketing and social strategy, competitor research, etc.

    3. Gather initial capital

    Capital requirements are usually set by the jurisdiction, so check with the financial regulator in your jurisdiction what is the minimum initial capital size. But regardless of their requirements, cost of setting up a forex brokerage is quite high, as you will need to have enough money to cover operating expenses during at least first 6 months to 1 year period.

    4. Choose right partners

    First of all, a brokerage needs reliable payment services providers. There is no way to compete in this market without having stable payment processing system. Consider negotiating with more than one system, so you have a reserve option in case of the primary payment processor’s software failure. It is important to have different deposit and withdrawal options, which are convenient for your potential clients.

    If you are planning to offer leverage (and who doesn’t?), you will also need to negotiate a line of credit with a bank. The banks tend to have complicated verification and approval procedures, so plan ahead and allow enough time for this process.

    5. Set up your online presence

    This includes creating a website, deciding on the trading platform or platforms (will you offer a standard MT4 or have additional services, such as an app or your own branded webtrader?), what additional services to integrate. Building high quality website is a slow process, so it makes sense to take care of this early.

    6. Set up an office

    As a minimum a brokerage needs IT-personnel, financial personnel, customer support team, marketing and sales teams, compliance officer. At the beginning when there is low trading volume some of this roles may be executed by managing partners and one employee may combine several roles, given that he or she has enough qualifications. Most likely you will need to set up a physical office location, although in the startup culture this step can be replaced with virtual office.

    7. Pre-launch

    Allow enough time to test everything before your brokerage goes live. The platform, payment processing systems, the terminal, the app (if you have one) – everything needs to be tested several times, preferably by professional testers as well as by focus group of your potential customers. During this time you may also choose to train your personnel, especially the customer service department.

    8. Going live

    Once you are ready with the first seven stages, comes the exciting moment of going live. It is important to support launch with a well-developed marketing campaign.

    How to become a forex broker using white label solution

    There is an easier way to start own forex brokerage company. Many larger brokers today offer forex white label solution. This means that your company will only be responsible for a ‘store front’, while all the trading operations will be handled by the large brokerage. Forex white label business has lower operating expenses and doesn’t have to comply with capital requirements, as you will not be processing trading operations. This offer may even come free if you have enough skills, followers and qualifications. For majority of people starting a forex white label business via white label solution will not be free though. A broker typically requires white label partners to cover set up fees, but these fees are still much lower than the cost of setting up a forex brokerage from scratch.

    1. Select a partner broker

    Many brokers offer forex white label solutions, it is important to find a reliable partner to avoid customer disappointment. While doing your research pay attention to such things as safety of funds, quality of execution and flexibility (make sure the offer is flexible enough to match your business model).

    2. Research legal requirements

    United States, European Union, Australia require Forex white label partners to register and get licensed as a broker. However, there are many jurisdictions where simply incorporating a company is enough. In some cases it is possible to register a company in one region but set up the office in another location.

    3. Create a business plan

    Same as if you were starting a company from scratch, having a defined forex brokerage business plan will help you stay on track on the road to success.

    4. Build your own brand

    Prepare high quality logo, branded materials, professional content – making your brokerage look like a trustworthy business is your primary responsibility. Decide whether you want to have a physical office to meet and greet customers or not. Forex white label business doesn’t require nearly as many personnel as a forex brokerage and can exist purely online.

    5. Connect additional services

    As a new broker, you need to offer serious competitive advantages. Make it easy for your customers to work with your white labeled platform: for example add educational forex games, or white label copy trading software.

    6. Pre-launch

    Although a broker will provide you with the ready-made trading platform, still set aside some time to check whether everything works correctly.

    7. Going live

    Congratulations! Once everything is set up, you can start generating leads for your forex business.

    Conclusion – If you want to start a forex trading business

    If you want to start a forex trading business, forex white label might be a better idea at the beginning. For a new brokerage it means lax legal requirements, the absence of capital requirements, faster set up process. Significantly lower operational expenses are the great advantage during first months while you don’t have solid customer base. It is possible to begin as an introducing broker (or a white label partner) and then, as the number of traders and trading volume grow, start thinking hot to become a forex broker with full control over operation and profit. When a brokerage already has established brand and customer base, it is much easier to secure additional financing.